Minorca has a land area of 702 square kilometres and a coastline of 216 kilometres. The maximum distance between two points is 47 kilometres, that is, between Ciutadella and Maó. The coast of Sant Lluís, at the eastern end of the island, is the first spot in Spain where the sun rises.

Geologically the island is divided into two symmetrical but very different halves. The North, has an uneven and rugged coastline with sparse vegetation and numerous islets and reddish and dark sandy beaches. The South is made up of calcareous rock, is flat and has smooth cliffs, gullies sculpted by water and coves of white sand surrounded by pines. The highest elevation of the island is Monte Toro at 357 metres.